Mohammed Sadiq

The main goal of New Directions in Practical Experiential Learning is to encourage, enlighten, and enable educators, decision-makers, and students to recognise experiential learning as a fundamental component of modern education. It aims to offer a forum for the sharing of concepts, methods, and revelations that highlight the transforming power of hands-on learning.

Readers will discover a wide range of chapters that explore the theoretical foundations and real-world applications of experiential learning. Each chapter presents a different angle on how experiential learning can be used to bridge the gap between theory and practice, improve employability, and promote professional and personal growth.

During the COVID-19 pandemic universities around the globe were forced to transition from face-to-face teaching to remote, online learning. This was always intended to be a short-term solution until physical doors re-opened and face-to-face teaching recommenced. However, the challenges of the sudden transition to online teaching also resulted in innovative and creative teaching and learning tools and practices which came with unexpected benefits and opportunities. The recognition of this has resulted in transformations within post-COVID teaching and learning strategies.



The purpose of the case studies in this book is to identify innovative transitions across all faculties and schools of a Higher Education institution in the UK – the University of Bolton – and how these are driving the development of new forms of blended and hybrid teaching and learning approaches.

The purpose of this study is to utilise social cognitive theory to investigate and establish through empirical study, the confidence levels of taxpayers with 'Making Tax Digital' and further to facilitate an assessment of the readiness of taxpayers to be compliant with making tax digital requirements by industrial sector. This study used a survey instrument to collect data from 202 businesses in the Northwest of the United Kingdom. The data were analysed statistically through descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using SPSS. The result from the study suggests and supports the notion that a transition to Making Tax Digital is industry sensitive and therefore any reform must consider the specific taxpayers in each industry. Consistent with prior research, the authors also find changes to a tax system are sensitive and need to be assessed against a practical criterion to gauge its full impact. Furthermore, this study finds that multi-industry sectors need clearer guidance on compliance. This has to be backed by a strong anti-avoidance business support system for sole proprietary businesses to enable them adapt to new way of reporting and paying taxes. It is further recommended that HMRC develops a strong communication strategy that encourages and helps sole trader overcome challenges of Making Tax Digital. This is one of the few studies aimed to explore the impact on how well different industrial sectors will transition to Making Tax Digital. This study carries out a comparison to ascertain if there is a significant difference in the levels of confidence between industry sectors transitioning to Making Tax Digital.

Making Tax Digital (MTD), an initiative announced in 2015 by MP George Osborne in his autumn statement, brings with it the most impactful change to the UK tax administration for a generation. The Making Tax Digital vision aims to revolutionize the way businesses, landlords, individuals, and tax accountants interact with Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Making Tax Digital is intended to aid the government's tax simplification agenda, which commits to making the UK tax system fully digitalised. The breakthroughs recorded in the information and communications technology have led to the introduction of an E-tax system. Making Tax Digital is an approach to make HMRC's tax system the most advanced digital tax system in the world. This is credited for an appreciable improvement of the level of tax compliance, while simultaneously lowering the cost of tax administration. 'Making Tax Digital' leverages on the gains of E-tax and E-filing systems. Though this is still a work-in-progress, with many of its features needing further fine-tuning, it is increasingly gaining traction. Given this background, this research aims to examine the impact of making tax digital. This research has used a combination of primary quantitative and qualitative data that is triangulated across taxpayers, accountants and interdisciplinary practitioners. Therefore, this research is primarily deemed to be explanatory in nature and thus adopts a deductive strategy. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect raw data from a sample of 202 taxpayers. The data was analysed statistically through descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using SPSS. In addition, to test the confidence levels of the respondents, a novel, valid and reliable tax instrument namely, Tax Marker Compliance Model was developed to measure the readiness of the UK public for making tax digital. A particular need identified is for support and clearer guidance on compliance for the 3.5 million sole trader businesses which generate £1.9 trillion of wealth for the United Kingdom. This has to be backed by a strong anti-avoidance business support system for sole proprietary businesses to enable then to adapt to new way of reporting and paying taxes. It is further recommended that HMRC develops a strong communication strategy that encourages and helps sole trader overcome challenges of Making Tax Digital.