Subhash Anand

Polyurethane (PU) foam is one of the most common materials used in the development of pressure relieving cushions. However, it suffers from reduced efficiency in terms of thermophysiological comfort, cost, recycling and importantly, creating a suitable environment for the prevention of pressure ulcers. The paper presents research carried out at the University of Bolton, in the development of pressure relieving cushion applications using three-dimensional (3D) warp knitted spacer fabrics. Three properties, pressure distribution, air permeability, and heat resistance of 3D warp knitted spacer fabrics are focused on, with particular emphasis on pressure distribution in the development of improved performance and efficacy of cushion applications. This research includes the development of a novel technique for measuring pressure distribution while under simulated loading conditions.
Using this system, fully patented novel and smart 3D knitted spacer Airospring® cushions were developed, with the following features:
1. The introduction of a shaped/contoured surface interface was able to re-distribute high pressure points normally located in vulnerable areas of an immobile and seated person.
2. They are much better at reducing peak pressures than PU foam cushions and distribute pressure evenly over a much larger area of the cushion.
3. They provide a well-ventilated and comfortable cushion.
4. They can be laundered in a washing machine, are non-flammable and can be easily recycled.

This work reports the fabrication of jute fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) composites using a novel patented nonwoven technology. The water absorption, physical, mechanical and flammability properties of these partially (jute/PP) and fully biodegradable (jute/PLA) composites have been studied and compared with similarly produced glass-fibre reinforced composites with a view to enabling their use in automotive applications. The fibre reinforcements in composites reduced the rate and propensity of burning compared to respective neat resins. There was no melt/flame dripping observed in any of the fibre-reinforced composites.