Imtiaz Mostafiz

In this study, we propose entrepreneurial leadership as an important enabler of emerging market international new venture growth (EINVs) and investigate how and when it enhances EINVs. We examined this by considering international explorative and exploitative learning as key mediators and gender diversity of senior management as an important contingency variable. By using survey data from 110 EINVs in Pakistan, the results indicate that international explorative and exploitative learning mediate the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on the international performance of EINVs. Furthermore, the moderation analysis revealed that the positive impact of entrepreneurial leadership on international explorative and exploitative learning is conditioned on the gender diversity of senior management. The implications of the findings are discussed.

In recent years, the dynamics of international business have changed. This has largely been attributed to uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and global trends towards individualistic behaviours. To remain competitive, international entrepreneurial firms (IEFs) renew their behaviours and reconfigure their capabilities. However, scholars have hitherto not uncovered the configurational interplay connecting behaviours and capabilities between the pre-and-post-COVID periods. Drawing on the configurational perspective of dynamic capability theory, we explored the configurational specificities of dynamic internationalisation capability and an international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) as the behavioural aspect of IEFs. Adopting a longitudinal approach, we applied fsQCA to data drawn from Malaysia. Results show that whereas, in the pre-COVID period, IEFs exhibited an IEO along with threshold and disruption capabilities, in the wake of the pandemic, they are gingerly manifesting an IEO with an overwhelming priority on value-adding and consolidation capabilities suited to weather crises and secure international performance.
•COVID-19 has caused a behavioural shift among international entrepreneurial firms (IEFs), particularly in manifesting international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO).•IEFs to shift focus from threshold and disruption capabilities to value-adding and consolidation capabilities to enhance international performance in the post-COVID period.•The effectiveness of dynamic internationalisation capabilities hinges on the alignment with firms' orientation, especially IEO configurations for IEFs.

This paper examines the influence of social innovation on financial risk of emerging economy multinational corporations (EMNCs). Traditionally, research has focussed on Western MNCs' and their financial performance implications. However, the growing involvement of EMNCs in social innovation-albeit in environments characterized by institutional voids-and its effects on financial risk necessitate an in-depth examination. Drawing on stakeholder theory, we explored how EMNCs balance their social innovation initiatives with financial risks. To this end, we first examine how social innovation reduces the financial risk of EMNCs. Second, we examine the association between excessive social innovation and EMNCs' financial risk. In addition, borrowing insights from institutional theory, we assess the role played by institutional legitimacy in this process, acknowledging institutional legitimacy's potential to mitigate the financial risks associated with social innovation in emerging economies. We test our hypotheses based on data drawn from 90 EMNCs in 14 emerging economies, applying a panel regression model with robust standard errors and a rigorous robustness propensity score matching test. Our findings show that social innovation reduces EMNC financial risk, and challenge the assertions made regarding the potential negative implications of excessive social innovation on financial risk. Our results also demonstrate the intricate moderating effects of institutional legitimacy in balancing social innovation, excessive social innovation, and EMNC financial risk. Finally, we proffer critical implications for managers and policymakers in emerging economies.

Purpose. This study investigated how international entrepreneurial firms (IEFs) successfully commercialise innovative products/services internationally. In doing so, the authors examined the role played by the international dynamic marketing capability (IDMC) in the relationship between explorative and exploitative innovation and commercialisation. In addition, the authors also evaluated how the breadth and depth of international networks facilitate IEFs in upholding the effects of the IDMC to influence commercialisation.
Design/methodology/approach. To test the research model, structural equation modelling is used based on time-lagged survey data drawn from 201 Malaysian IEFs. To validate the results, additional robustness tests and endogeneity analyses have been performed.
Findings. The findings show that the IDMC positively mediates the relationship between explorative and exploitative innovation and commercialisation. Furthermore, the finding exhibits that the effects of the IDMC on commercialisation are positively moderated by the breadth and depth of international networks.
Originality. Given the fragmented and general nature of the extant marketing research on the IDMC, the study contributes to the international marketing literature by providing rich and nuanced pertinent knowledge. This study advances dynamic capability theory in relation to IEFs by establishing the IDMC as a functional capability suited to enable them to successfully commercialise the products/services resulting from explorative and exploitative innovation.

Ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises are continuously evolving, especially when generations change. As these changes take place, resources are also orchestrated differently. However, research gap exists on how resources are orchestrated in ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises through generational change. We answer this question by adopting a qualitative approach based on data from eleven ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises that have experienced generational succession. The data was then analysed by adopting a novel approach of artificial intelligence. Our results suggest that the orchestration in class and ethnic resources has equipped the later generation ethnic entrepreneurs with capabilities to expand and develop their ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises. We emphasize the importance of orchestrating resources in ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises for product innovation, market growth and business development as generations change. The use of artificial intelligence technique enables underlying patterns in ethnic entrepreneurship to be discovered, which assist practitioners in making the best decisions concerning entrepreneurial efforts. This study invites entrepreneurs to comprehend the importance of orchestrating resources for entrepreneurial decision-making in business expansion and development, especially in ethnic entrepreneurial enterprises. With novelty in the methodological application, we extend a cordial invitation to erudite scholars to apply artificial intelligence technique within qualitative research to achieve precision and nuances.