Andrew Chimenya

The influx of migrants in foreign countries is often misconstrued, disenchanted, and perceived as a mistake. There is a growing conjecture that migrants are creating more problems in the hosting countries. Such thinking is contested as studies are increasingly recognising the importance of migrants and their contributions to the domestic economy. As such, this study seeks to unravel the notion of migrant entrepreneurship mainly focusing on the UK. Using the qualitative data, collected from the literature from 2000 to 2023, the findings indicate the impact of migrant entrepreneurship in developed economies is still debated upon, and new theories are still emerging. The evidence suggests that migrants in the UK are widely conceded. Despite the penetration in the new country, migrant entrepreneurs still face various challenges and limited support is accorded to them. At a national level, the preliminary analysis suggests that migrants have to some extent the entrepreneurial skills which are beneficial in terms of productivity, innovation, creativity, and income generation. In addition, migrants are more successful as they grapple with work and provision of economic and social benefit to hosting and home countries. These require courage, determination, and resourcefulness. Hence, there is a significant revelation in relation to the landscape for migrant entrepreneurs which shows the influence they have on the host economy and environment. The study concludes that migrant entrepreneurship has the prospects to offer financial and societal benefits an aspect that should be embraced by all hosting countries.

In the world of work where demands and pressure are prevalent, personal stress is inevitable. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has noted work-related stress as a medical condition that requires attention. Professionals have coined the term occupation stress to denote to what employees experience in the workplace. Such stress at work can have a toll on the employees' productivity and well-being. In the academic work, there have been high levels of stress caused by the job demands, and this has caused an adverse effect on the individuals. A semi-structured interview of 30 variable hour teaching staff was utilised in the UK Higher Education. The findings indicated that most variable staff experienced job stressful elements. Overall, this chapter provides insights into the determinants of occupation stress among variable hours teaching staff.

The manifestation of stress affects every aspect of the workplace. A plethora of research examines the sources and the effects of work-related-stress on employees' health and productivity. Occupational stress very often causes an imbalance and decrease in overall performance. Non-profit organisations are notoriously known to live in a precarious financial position. A review of the literature in the UK indicates that non- profit organisations are not immune to occupational stress and therefore managers have a duty of care to ensure that stress levels are mitigated to keep employees motivated.

Developing countries continue to lose a significant number of health care professionals to developed countries. Malawi is not an exception. Without health workers, health care cannot be delivered. The study assesses the determinants of brain drain of health care professionals in developing countries, the case of Malawi health sector. Health care professionals in developing countries suffer from low wages, unbearable working and living conditions in their country of origin and seek elsewhere for better salaries, safer working conditions, better living conditions and a better life. This has for several years created a brain drain of skilled labour from where it is most needed, leaving already fragile health systems even more vulnerable. However, the study finds that so far, too little attention has been paid to organizational factors that influence brain drain. This study presents insights on determinants of brain drain among health care professionals from developing countries to developed countries. The paper contributes to the understanding of main factors that influence brain drain in a developing context environment. To this end, the study informs public sector managers and policy makers the need to address these factors if they are to curb brain drain in developing countries.