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Misrepresentation, confusion and the average consumer: to what extent are the tests for passing off and a likelihood of confusion within trade mark law identical?
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Misrepresentation, confusion and the average consumer: to what extent are the tests for passing off and a likelihood of confusion within trade mark law identical?

Alice Blythe
European Intellectual Property Review, Vol.37(8), pp.484-489
08/2015

Abstract

Law
Reed Executive v. Reed Business Information created a tendency to view the tests for passing off and trade mark infringement as being identical in key respects. Recent cases Interflora v. Marks & Spencer Flowers Direct, Cosmetic Warriors v. Amazon and Moroccanoil Israel v. Aldi Stores have all questioned this approach making a re-evaluation necessary.
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